Shoulder instability is a common issue faced by athletes and active individuals, often resulting in pain, restricted mobility, and a decreased quality of life. Understanding the leading causes of shoulder instability can help in prevention and treatment strategies. Here are some of the primary factors that contribute to this condition.
Trauma and Injury
One of the most significant contributors to shoulder instability is trauma, particularly injuries resulting from falls, accidents or sports-related impacts. Dislocations, where the upper arm bone pops out of the shoulder socket, can significantly weaken the ligaments and cause recurring instability. Severe strains or tears to the shoulder’s soft tissues, including ligaments and tendons, can also lead to instability.
Repetitive Overhead Activities
Engaging in repetitive overhead activities, such as sports like swimming, baseball or weightlifting, can increase the risk of shoulder instability. These actions put constant stress on the shoulder joint, gradually damaging the supporting structures and leading to looseness or instability over time. Athletes who perform repetitive motions without proper conditioning or technique are particularly susceptible.
Genetic Factors
Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to shoulder instability. Conditions like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, characterized by hypermobility of the joints, can result in an increased range of motion but also a higher likelihood of joint dislocations and instability. If you have a family history of joint problems, your risk may be elevated.
Age-Related Degeneration
As we age, the body undergoes changes that can contribute to shoulder instability. The ligaments and tendons lose elasticity and strength, and arthritis can alter the structure of the shoulder joint itself. These age-related changes make the shoulder more susceptible to instability, especially in individuals over the age of 40.
Previous Surgery
Individuals who have undergone previous shoulder surgery are at a greater risk for instability. This is especially true for those who have had procedures to repair torn ligaments or tendons. Surgery can change the mechanics of the shoulder joint, and if the surrounding soft tissues are not properly healed or rehabilitated, instability can occur.
Inadequate Strengthening
Weakness in the shoulder muscles, particularly the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers, can contribute to instability. These muscles are vital for maintaining shoulder joint stability and function. Regular strength training and conditioning focused on these muscles can help prevent instability, particularly for athletes and those involved in high-impact activities.
Signs of Shoulder Instability
Shoulder instability is a persistent condition characterized by frequent dislocations of the shoulder joint. A dislocation occurs when the end of the humerus (the ball portion of the joint) partially or completely moves out of the glenoid (the socket portion). When this dislocation is partial, it is termed a subluxation, while a complete separation is simply referred to as a dislocation.
Common symptoms associated with shoulder instability include discomfort or pain during specific shoulder movements. Additionally, individuals may experience a popping or grinding sensation, which can be heard or felt during these movements.
NYC Shoulder Instability Treatment
Athletes or people with a more sedentary lifestyle can develop shoulder instability. If you or someone you love is experiencing symptoms of shoulder instability, contact Steven Struhl MD—AC Joint Separation for a proper evaluation and treatment plan. Your shoulders support much of your daily activity; keeping them stable is key to an active and healthy life.
Posted on behalf of Steven Struhl MD
